NCERT Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics (Economics) Book 2025-26

Economics plays a vital role in helping students understand how individuals, firms, and markets make decisions in the presence of scarcity. The NCERT Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics book is one of the most important textbooks for Commerce and Humanities students, as it lays the foundation of economic reasoning and analytical thinking. This book is not only essential for CBSE Board Examinations, but also extremely useful for CUET, UPSC (foundation level), SSC, banking exams, and higher studies in economics, management, and social sciences.

Chapter No.	Download Chwapterwise Introductory Microeconomics (Economics) PDF
Chapter 1	Introduction
Chapter 2	Theory of Consumer Behaviour
Chapter 3	Production and Costs
Chapter 4	The Theory Of The Firm Under Perfect Competition
Chapter 5	Market Equilibrium

What is Microeconomics?

Microeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual economic units, such as:

• Consumers
• Producers (firms)
• Workers
• Individual markets

It focuses on how these units make decisions regarding allocation of limited resources and how these decisions affect price, demand, supply, and output in the economy.

Unlike macroeconomics, which studies the economy as a whole, microeconomics examines the small building blocks of the economy.

Importance of NCERT Class 12 Microeconomics Book

The NCERT Class 12 Microeconomics textbook is important because:

• It follows a simple and logical approach
• Concepts are explained using examples and diagrams
• It develops analytical and problem-solving skills
• It is strictly aligned with the CBSE syllabus
• Most competitive exams are NCERT-based

This book helps students understand why consumers behave in a certain way, how firms decide production, and how prices are determined in markets.

How to Study NCERT Class 12 Microeconomics Effectively

• Read each chapter slowly and conceptually
• Practice all diagrams neatly
• Solve numerical questions regularly
• Revise definitions and assumptions
• Link concepts with real-life examples

Importance for Board & Competitive Exams

• Direct questions from NCERT language
• Diagrams carry high weightage
• Case-based questions rely on conceptual clarity

Studying NCERT thoroughly is enough to score high marks in CBSE Economics.