NCERT Themes in Indian History-I Book Class 12

NCERT Themes in Indian History-I Textbook of Class 12 has Four Chapters Which are BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES The Harappan Civilisation, KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS Early States and Economies, THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS Cultural Developments. To Download the Pdf of Each Chapter Click on the given link below.

Chapter	Chapter Name	View
	Prelims
1	BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES : The Harappan Civilisation
2	KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS : Early States and Economies
3	KINSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS : Early Societies
4	THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS : Cultural Developments

BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES : The Harappan Civilisation
The Harappan Civilisation is also known as Indus Valley Civilisation. This civilisation is dated between BCE 2600 and 1990 BCE. It is the oldest civilisation of India. We know about the civilisation from archaeological evidences like houses, pots, ornaments, tools and seals used by the people of that period.
KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS : Early States and Economies
The earliest states emerged in the 6th century BCE which were mentioned in the early Buddhist and Jaina texts. The earliest 16 states were known as mahajanapadas. In which Vajji, Magadha, Koshala, Kuru, Panchala, Gandliara and Avanti were most important. The mahajanapadas had a capital city, which was often fortified.
KINSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS : Early Societie
Brahmanas were supposed to study and teach the Vedas, Kshatriyas were to engage in warfare, protect people and administer justice, Vaishyas were engaged in agriculture, pastoralism and trade, Shudras had only one occupation of serving the three “higher” varnas. According to the Shastras, only Kshatriyas could be kings.
THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS : Cultural Developments
The Sanchi stupa was built in the 2nd century BCE and regarded as one of the important stupas in India. It was discovered in 1888. The structural features of the Sanchi stupa are: The stupa originated as a simple semi-circular mound of Earth, later called Anda.